Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain frequently resists conventional analgesics, driving interest in external Traditional Chinese Medicine modalities like acupuncture, tuina, and moxibustion. Clinical trials and multicenter observational cohorts indicate these therapies reduce hyperalgesia, restore soft-tissue function, and relieve psychophysiological distress. However, verifying clear biological mechanisms is constrained by procedural heterogeneity, subjective manual variations, and systemic non-linear responses. Translating traditional manual practices into reliable clinical tools requires rigorous trials, standardized operational protocols, and resilient cross-system digital governance. This review synthesizes clinical findings, mechanosensory pathways, and digital delivery infrastructures. Combining uniform operational standards with modern information platforms allows objective evaluation of somatic interventions. This integrative approach grounds traditional therapies within modern medical science while preserving individualized holistic care.
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